BREAKING: New research from the University of Barcelona reveals a critical mechanism behind the decline of brown adipose tissue activity as humans age, with significant implications for combating obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Published in Science Advances on July 15, 2025, this study led by Professor Joan Villarroya underscores the urgent need for strategies to enhance brown fat function in aging populations.
As people age, the activity of brown adipose tissue—a key component in burning calories and generating body heat—diminishes, increasing the risk of obesity and chronic diseases. The team discovered that this decline is linked to a reduction in a cellular process known as chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), which is vital for degrading specific proteins that regulate brown fat activity.
Professor Villarroya explains,
“Acting on chaperone-mediated autophagy may play a key role in modulating tissue activity.”
During aging, the decrease in CMA leads to an increase in repressor proteins, hindering the thermogenic capabilities of brown fat.
The study utilized animal models to demonstrate that enhancing CMA through experimental drugs allowed brown fat to maintain its activity and improve metabolic functions even in older subjects. This breakthrough could redefine treatment options for conditions linked to low brown fat activity, such as type 2 diabetes and obesity.
Researchers have been exploring ways to activate brown adipose tissue for years, but previous approaches have resulted in unwanted side effects. However, the emergence of new drugs targeting CMA could provide safer alternatives. “Effective experimental drugs are now beginning to emerge to modulate chaperone-mediated autophagy,” Villarroya stated.
Looking ahead, the research team is investigating the potential of these compounds for clinical use. Their aim is to leverage CMA to boost metabolic energy expenditure and mitigate the adverse cardiometabolic effects associated with obesity. Initial studies in patients are already underway, with collaboration from various hospitals.
The findings from this study are particularly timely as the global population ages. With obesity rates soaring and related health issues becoming increasingly prevalent, understanding how to preserve brown fat activity could be a game-changer in public health strategies.
Stay tuned as this developing story unfolds, with significant implications for aging individuals worldwide. For more details, refer to the study by Alberto Mestres-Arenas et al, published in Science Advances.
