Research indicates that contracting flu or Covid-19 significantly increases the risk of heart attacks and strokes. A comprehensive analysis of 155 studies has revealed that these viral infections can elevate the likelihood of severe cardiovascular complications by three to five times in the weeks following infection.
The study, published by the American Heart Association, highlights both acute and chronic viral infections as contributing factors to cardiovascular risks. Lead author Associate Professor Kosuke Kawai from the University of California emphasized the growing recognition of the links between viral infections and non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular issues. He stated, “Our study found acute and chronic viral infections are linked to both short- and long-term risks of cardiovascular disease, including strokes and heart attacks.”
The research team meticulously examined over 52,000 studies, ultimately selecting 155 that were deemed high-quality and relevant. The findings indicate that individuals with laboratory-confirmed influenza experienced a fourfold increase in heart attack risk and a fivefold increase in stroke risk during the month following their infection. In the case of Covid-19, patients were three times more likely to suffer a heart attack and three times more likely to experience a stroke within 14 weeks of infection. Alarmingly, this increased risk persisted for up to a year.
The study also shed light on other viral infections such as HIV and hepatitis C, which were associated with a 60% and 45% increased risk of heart attacks and strokes, respectively, over an average follow-up period of more than five years. Similar risks were noted for individuals who had contracted varicella zoster virus, which causes shingles.
Dr. Kawai remarked on the prolonged cardiovascular risks associated with HIV, hepatitis C, and herpes zoster, stating that while these risks may be lower compared to those from influenza and Covid-19, they remain clinically significant. He noted, “The elevated risk associated with shingles translates into a large number of excess cases of cardiovascular disease at the population level.”
Despite the compelling findings, the research team acknowledged limitations, as the study relied on observational data rather than controlled trials. Nevertheless, they advocate for vaccination as a crucial preventive measure against cardiovascular complications linked to these viral infections.
In light of these findings, the NHS has been proactive in promoting flu vaccinations, particularly for vulnerable populations. From September 1, 2023, several groups became eligible for flu jabs, including secondary school-aged children, pregnant women, and various clinical risk groups. An additional cohort became eligible starting October 1, including care home residents and frontline health workers.
The NHS is also recommending seasonal Covid-19 vaccinations for specific high-risk groups, including individuals aged 75 and older, as well as those with weakened immune systems.
For more information on vaccination schedules and eligibility, individuals are encouraged to visit the NHS website. As research continues to unveil the connections between viral infections and cardiovascular health, public health initiatives remain essential in mitigating these risks.
