Archaeologists in Budapest have made a significant discovery by unearthing a well-preserved Roman sarcophagus, shedding light on the life of a young woman from approximately 1,700 years ago. The limestone sarcophagus, located in the Óbuda district, was found during an excavation led by the Budapest History Museum. This discovery offers a rare glimpse into the customs and social structures of the time.
Details of the Discovery
During the excavation, the sarcophagus was discovered intact, sealed with metal clamps and molten lead, which contributed to its preservation over centuries. Lead archaeologist Gabriella Fényes noted that the sarcophagus had not been disturbed, making it particularly valuable for research. Upon carefully lifting the lid, the team uncovered a complete skeleton, surrounded by a wealth of artifacts.
Among the findings were two intact glass vessels, bronze figures, and 140 coins. Notably, a bone hairpin, a piece of amber jewelry, and remnants of gold-threaded fabric suggest that the deceased was a young woman, likely of higher social status. Fényes remarked, “The deceased was buried very carefully by her relatives. They must have really loved who they buried here.”
Historical Context and Significance
This sarcophagus was located in an area once part of Aquincum, a thriving Roman settlement along the Danube River. The site had been repurposed as a burial ground after being vacated in the 3rd century. Alongside the sarcophagus, archaeologists discovered a Roman aqueduct and several simpler graves, but none matched the richness or condition of this tomb.
According to Gergely Kostyál, a Roman-period specialist and coleader of the project, the discovery is exceptional, particularly given the practice of reusing sarcophagi during the fourth century. “It is quite clear that this sarcophagus was made specifically for the deceased,” he explained. The intact nature of the sarcophagus suggests the individual was likely well-to-do.
Anthropologists are now tasked with examining the remains of the young woman. This process aims to uncover further details regarding her age, health, and origins. Fényes expressed hope that additional treasures may be uncovered from a layer of mud found inside the coffin, potentially containing jewelry yet to be discovered.
This remarkable find not only contributes to the understanding of Roman burial practices but also evokes a sense of empathy for those who lived during that era. Fényes reflected on the emotional weight of the discovery, stating, “Even now, I shudder to think how painful it must have been for the people at that time to bury this young lady.”
The excavation in Budapest continues to reveal insights into the past, offering a poignant connection to the lives of individuals from a distant era.
