Engineers have long envisioned humanoid robots capable of mimicking human actions. Recent innovations in artificial intelligence are now pushing these robots from research labs into real-world applications, particularly on factory floors. As concerns mount over AI’s impact on jobs, a competitive landscape is emerging, with prominent players including Tesla, startups backed by Amazon and Nvidia, and state-supported firms in China. Among these, Boston Dynamics stands out, actively developing its humanoid robot named Atlas.
Hyundai, the South Korean automotive giant, holds an 88% stake in Boston Dynamics and recently showcased Atlas at its new facility near Savannah, Georgia. The factory, equipped with over 1,000 robots working alongside nearly 1,500 human employees, represents a cutting-edge approach to manufacturing. Atlas, a 5’9″ and 200-pound humanoid, was put to the test, marking its first real-world application beyond the confines of the lab.
At the factory, Atlas demonstrated its ability to autonomously sort roof racks for assembly lines, a significant milestone for its development team led by Zack Jackowski, who holds two mechanical engineering degrees from MIT. Jackowski expressed his excitement and nervousness, stating, “This is the first time Atlas has been out of the lab doing real work.”
During a recent visit to Boston Dynamics, it was evident that Atlas has evolved significantly since its last public appearance in 2021. It now boasts an all-electric body and a sophisticated AI brain powered by Nvidia microchips. This transformation enables Atlas to perform complex tasks autonomously, showcasing capabilities such as running and jumping—skills previously deemed unattainable for robots.
Scott Kuindersma, head of robotics research at Boston Dynamics, noted that programming has shifted from manual coding to a more intuitive approach involving teaching and machine learning. “Robots today have learned to master moves that until recently were considered a step too far for a machine,” he said.
Atlas learns through various methods, including supervised learning, where a machine learning scientist uses a virtual reality headset to guide the robot through tasks. In this way, the robot gathers data that enhances its performance in real-world applications. Additionally, Atlas can mimic human movements, with engineers using motion capture technology to translate actions into training algorithms.
Despite its advancements, limitations remain. Kuindersma acknowledged that tasks such as pouring a cup of coffee or putting on clothes are still challenging for Atlas. “I think there are no humanoids that do that nearly as well as a person would do,” he said. Nevertheless, he remains optimistic about the future, indicating a clear pathway for improvement.
The AI capabilities of Atlas are significant, processing vast amounts of data to develop a better understanding of its environment. This intelligence could enable robots like Atlas to operate effectively in factories, performing a range of tasks with minimal human oversight. Robert Playter, CEO of Boston Dynamics, emphasized the potential of creating robots with superhuman capabilities, stating that they could excel in conditions too hazardous for humans.
Concerns about job displacement in the workforce are inevitable. Playter acknowledged that while repetitive and strenuous tasks may be automated, humans will continue to play a crucial role in managing, building, and maintaining these robots. He projected that it could take several years before Atlas is integrated into Hyundai’s workforce.
According to a report by Goldman Sachs, the market for humanoid robots is expected to reach $38 billion within the next decade. The race for dominance in this sector is intensifying, with American companies facing strong competition from Chinese firms, which are heavily investing in robotics technology.
As Atlas embarks on its journey beyond the lab, it represents a significant step toward a future where humanoid robots could work alongside humans in various capacities. The progress made thus far has impressed industry leaders, including Heung-soo Kim, Hyundai’s head of global strategy. He remarked, “I think we are on track about the development. Atlas, so far, it’s very successful. It’s a kind of a start of a great journey.”
The emergence of humanoid robots like Atlas not only highlights the potential of AI in the workplace but also raises questions about the future of human labor in an increasingly automated world. The journey has just begun, and the implications are vast and complex.
