The 101st Airborne Division, renowned for its pivotal role in major conflicts from World War II to recent operations in the Middle East, carries a unique piece of history embodied in its insignia: the screaming eagle. This emblem not only symbolizes the division’s airborne capabilities but also pays tribute to a remarkable creature from the Civil War known as Old Abe.
Old Abe’s Journey from Eaglet to War Hero
Captured in 1861 by Chief Big Sky of the Lac du Flambeau Band of the Lake Superior Ojibwe, Old Abe was sold to a Wisconsin man, Daniel McCann, for a bushel of corn. Initially kept as a pet, the eagle soon became too large and costly to maintain. McCann sought to sell Old Abe to soldiers passing through on their way to Camp Randall in Madison, Wisconsin. Eventually, he sold the eagle for $2.50 to Captain John E. Perkins, who commanded a militia company called the “Eau Claire Badgers.” The eagle was named after President Abraham Lincoln and became a symbol for the 8th Wisconsin Infantry.
As the unit transitioned into federal service, it became known as Company C, 8th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment. Old Abe was carried into battle, perched on a black shield attached to a wooden pole, witnessing fierce engagements throughout the Civil War, including the battles of Vicksburg and Corinth. His presence inspired troops, and he was known for his entertaining antics, including spreading his wings and dancing to amuse the soldiers.
A Symbol of Valor and Resilience
Old Abe’s significance extended beyond entertainment. During conflicts, he became a target for enemy soldiers. As noted by Colonel Rufus Dawes, Confederate prisoners expressed a desire to capture the eagle, believing it would be a greater victory than taking an entire brigade. Confederate General Sterling Price famously declared during the Battle of Corinth, “that bird must be captured or killed at all hazards; I would rather get that eagle than capture a whole brigade or a dozen battle flags.”
Old Abe’s journey continued until the unit mustered out in 1864. The men of the 8th Wisconsin donated him to the state of Wisconsin, where he lived for many years, becoming a symbol of courage and resilience. Unfortunately, his living conditions deteriorated over time, leading to issues with exhaustion and malnutrition.
In 1881, a fire in the state capitol building nearly claimed his life, and Old Abe succumbed to smoke inhalation shortly thereafter. Despite his passing, his legacy endured. In 1921, the 101st Airborne Division adopted Old Abe as its official insignia, solidifying his place in military history as a symbol of airborne and air assault combat.
The story of Old Abe highlights not only the rich history of the 101st Airborne Division but also the deep connections between soldiers and their symbols. As the division continues to operate in modern conflicts, the spirit of Old Abe remains an enduring reminder of the bravery and tenacity that define the unit.
